RIORDAN, J.
Defendant appeals as of right his conviction following a jury trial of larceny of property with a value of $1,000 or more but less than $20,000, MCL 750.356(3)(a). Defendant was sentenced to two years' probation and ordered to pay $4,580 in restitution. We affirm.
The victim owned a gas-oil separator (the separator) as part of his oil well business. The separator was located near a road on property to which the victim owned the mineral rights and where he stored equipment relating to his business. Defendant rented a house on adjoining property also near the road.
On December 13, 2010, the victim was driving near the property when he noticed that defendant was driving away in a truck and attempting to transport the separator from the property on a trailer pulled by the truck. The victim got out of his truck and tried to stop defendant, but defendant continued driving. While calling 911, the victim followed defendant's truck and, after about three miles, defendant eventually pulled over.
The victim asked defendant to return the separator and defendant complied and drove it back to the property. In order for the separator to be removed from the trailer, defendant wrapped one end of a chain around a tree and then connected the other end to the separator. But, because
Defendant testified at trial that pursuant to an agreement with his landlord, he agreed to fix up the house he rented and clean the outside area. He claimed that he did not know the exact boundary lines of the property and assumed that the separator was on the property his landlord owned. He also testified that the property was in poor condition and that he thought the separator was junk, so he was taking it to the scrap yard when he encountered the victim.
The victim testified that the separator worked before the crime, but that after defendant's actions, it was "tore up" and bent. The victim's grandson, who arrived at the property shortly after the victim discovered defendant driving away with the separator, testified that there were no holes in the separator and that it was unbent before defendant's actions.
The jury found defendant guilty of larceny of property worth $1,000 or more but less than $20,000, MCL 750.356(3)(a). The trial court sentenced defendant to two years' probation and ordered restitution. At the hearing regarding restitution, defendant's probation officer testified that the victim submitted an estimate from a company indicating that it would cost $4,580 to repair the separator. Thus, the trial court ordered $4,580 in restitution. Defendant now appeals the order and the amount of restitution ordered.
Interpretation of the rules of evidence is a question of law we review de novo. People v. Benton, 294 Mich.App. 191, 195, 817 N.W.2d 599 (2011). As this Court recognized in People v. Allen, 295 Mich.App. 277, 281, 813 N.W.2d 806 (2012) (citations omitted):
Defendant first contends that the trial court erred by considering hearsay evidence at the restitution hearing. He argues that the Michigan Rules of Evidence apply to restitution hearings and thus the trial court erred by allowing hearsay evidence in making its determination.
Pursuant to MRE 1101(b)(3), the Michigan Rules of Evidence apply to all proceedings except certain miscellaneous proceedings, including "sentencing." Here, the evidentiary hearing was conducted to determine the appropriate amount of restitution as part of defendant's sentence. Having nothing to do with defendant's guilt or innocence, this hearing was exclusively conducted for purposes of sentencing. See MCL 780.766(2) ("when sentencing
Defendant also contends that the trial court erred in regard to the amount of restitution ordered. "Crime victims have a constitutional right to restitution." People v. Gubachy, 272 Mich.App. 706, 708, 728 N.W.2d 891 (2006), citing Const. 1963, art. 1, § 24. Section 16(2) of the Crime Victim's Rights Act, MCL 780.766(2) provides, in relevant part:
"The use of the word `shall' indicates that the directive to order restitution is mandatory, unless the exception applies." People v. Bell, 276 Mich.App. 342, 347, 741 N.W.2d 57 (2007). "Restitution encompasses only those losses that are easily ascertained and are a direct result of a defendant's criminal conduct[,]" and "[t]he prosecution must prove the amount of the victim's loss by a preponderance of the evidence." Gubachy, 272 Mich.App. at 708, 728 N.W.2d 891.
In the instant case, the evidence supported the trial court's order of restitution. At trial, the victim testified that the separator was in workable condition and was in good shape before the crime. He also testified that defendant damaged the separator in his attempt to transport it. The victim's grandson likewise testified that the separator was functioning before defendant's actions, it did not have holes, and it was unbent. He testified that the separator was damaged when defendant was loading or unloading it. The victim submitted photographs of the damage to a repair company and that company calculated
Defendant has not shown that the trial court's findings of fact were clearly erroneous because we are not "left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been made." Allen, 295 Mich.App. at 281, 813 N.W.2d 806. A preponderance of the evidence supports the trial court's finding that the victim suffered a loss of $4,580 as a result of defendant's criminal conduct.
The trial court correctly ordered restitution. There are no errors requiring reversal or remand. We affirm.
METER, P.J., and SERVITTO, J., concurred with and RIORDAN, J.